.. _beyond2to3:
==========================================
\ :py:mod:`2to3`\ 縺ｮ蜈医↓
==========================================
.. |2to3| replace:: :py:mod:`2to3`
\ |2to3|\ 縺ｯ蜆ｪ繧後◆繝��繝ｫ縺ｧ縺吶′縲｝ython3 繧ｻ繝ｼ繝輔↓縺吶ｋ縺溘ａ縺ｫ縺ｯ縲�
繧ゅ≧蟆代＠謇九ｒ蜉�縺医ｋ蠢�ｦ√′縺ゅｋ蝣ｴ蜷医ｂ縺ゅｊ縺ｾ縺吶�
迚ｹ縺ｫ蛻ｶ蠕｡髢｢菫ゅ〒縺ｯ繝舌う繝翫Μ繝��繧ｿ繧貞叙繧頑桶縺��ｴ蜷医↓豕ｨ諢上′蠢�ｦ√〒縺吶�
譁�ｭ怜梛�上ヰ繧､繝翫Μ蝙九ョ繝ｼ繧ｿ
++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Python2縺ｧ縺ｯC險隱槭°繧峨�莨晉ｵｱ繧貞女縺醍ｶ吶＞縺ｧ(?)縲∵枚蟄怜梛繝��繧ｿ(\ :py:class:`str`\ )縺ｨ繝舌う繝亥梛繝��繧ｿ(\ :py:class:`bytes`\ )縺ｫ縺ｯ
譛ｬ雉ｪ逧�↑驕輔＞縺ｯ縺ゅｊ縺ｾ縺帙ｓ縺ｧ縺励◆縲ゅ→縺�≧縺九― :py:class:`bytes`\ 縺ｯ\ :py:class:`str`\ 縺ｮ蛻･蜷阪→縺ｪ縺｣縺ｦ縺�∪縺吶�
縺ｾ縺溘�2byte譁�ｭ励ｒ蜿悶ｊ謇ｱ縺�◆繧√↓縲「nicode蝙九′蟆主�縺輔ｌ縺ｦ縺�∪縺吶�
unicode蝙九→\ :py:class:`str`\ 蝙九�螟画鋤縺ｯencode/decode縺ｪ縺ｩ縺ｮ繝｡繧ｽ繝�ラ繧剃ｽｿ縺｣縺ｦ陦後＞縺ｾ縺吶�
縺ｨ縺薙ｍ縺後￣ython3縺ｧ縺ｯ
譁�ｭ怜�(\ :py:class:`str`\ )縺ｯ unicode蝙九�蜷梧э隱槭→縺ｪ繧翫∪縺吶Ｖnicode譁�ｭ怜�繧定｡ｨ縺吶ヰ繧､繝亥梛繝��繧ｿ(\ :py:class:`bytes`\ )縺ｯunicode譁�ｭ怜�繧弾ncode縺吶ｋ縺薙→縺ｧ蠕励ｉ繧後∪縺吶�
縺ｾ縺溘√ヰ繧､繝亥�繧置nicode譁�ｭ怜�(\ :py:class:`str`\ )縺ｫ螟画鋤縺吶ｋ縺溘ａ縺ｫ縺ｯ縲‥ecode繝｡繧ｽ繝�ラ縺ｮ蜉ｩ縺代ｒ蛟溘ｊ縺ｪ縺代ｌ縺ｰ縺�￠縺ｾ縺帙ｓ縲�
.. _python2string:
.. code-block:: python
:caption: Python縺ｧ縺ｮ譁�ｭ怜梛繝��繧ｿ
>>> ("縺�",u"縺�", r"縺�",b"\xe3\x81\x82")
("縺�",u"縺�", r"縺�",b"\xe3\x81\x82")
('\xe3\x81\x82', u'\u3042', '\xe3\x81\x82', '\xe3\x81\x82')
>>> s="縺ゅ＞縺�"
s="縺ゅ＞縺�"
>>> type(s)
type(s)
<type 'str'>
>>> u=s.decode('utf-8')
u=s.decode('utf-8')
>>> type(u)
type(u)
<type 'unicode'>
>>> u
u
u'\u3042\u3044\u3046'
>>> s
s
'\xe3\x81\x82\xe3\x81\x84\xe3\x81\x86'
>>>
.. _python3string:
.. code-block:: python3
:caption: Python縺ｧ縺ｮ譁�ｭ怜梛繝��繧ｿ
>>> ("縺�",u"縺�", r"縺�",b"\xe3\x81\x82")
("縺�",u"縺�", r"縺�",b"\xe3\x81\x82")
('縺�', '縺�', '縺�', b'\xe3\x81\x82')
>>>s="縺ゅ＞縺�"
s="縺ゅ＞縺�"
>>> type(s)
type(s)
<class 'str'>
>>> b=s.encode('utf-8')
b=s.encode('utf-8')
>>> type(b)
type(b)
<class 'bytes'>
>>> b
b
b'\xe3\x81\x82\xe3\x81\x84\xe3\x81\x86'
>>>
.. _python23StringTypes:
.. tabularcolumns:: |l|c|c|c|c|c|c|
======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ========
Vers. python2 python3
-------- -------------------------- --------------------------
types encode decode [0] encode decode [0]
======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ========
bytes ->str(b) ->u str **N/A** ->str(u) int
str ->str(b) -> u str ->b **N/A** u
unicode ->str(b) -> u u ->b **N/A** u
======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ========
騾壼ｸｸ縺ｮ譁�ｭ怜梛繝��繧ｿ縺�縺代ｒ蜿悶ｊ謇ｱ縺｣縺ｦ縺�ｋ髯舌ｊ縺ｧ縺ｯ縲― :py:mod:`2to3`\ 縺ｮ螟画鋤蠕後�繝励Ο繧ｰ繝ｩ繝�縺ｯ蝠城｡後↑縺丞虚菴懊☆繧九〒縺励ｇ縺�ゅ＠縺九＠Python2縺ｧ\ :py:class:`str`\ 蝙九ョ繝ｼ繧ｿ繧箪 :py:class:`bytes`\ 蝙九ョ繝ｼ繧ｿ縺ｨ縺励※蜿悶ｊ謇ｱ縺�◆繧√↓菴ｿ縺｣縺ｦ縺�ｋ繝励Ο繧ｰ繝ｩ繝�縺ｧ縺ｯ縲― :py:mod:`2to3`\ 縺ｯ閾ｪ蜍募､画鋤繧定｡後≧縺薙→縺後〒縺阪∪縺帙ｓ縲�\ :py:class:`str`\ 蝙九ョ繝ｼ繧ｿ縺ｨ縺励※蜿悶ｊ謇ｱ縺�∋縺阪°(縺昴�蝣ｴ蜷医↓縺ｯUnicode蝙�=python3縺ｮ\ :py:class:`str`\ 蝙九↓螟画鋤��,\ :py:class:`bytes`\ 蝙九ョ繝ｼ繧ｿ縺ｨ縺励※蜿悶ｊ謇ｱ縺�∋縺阪°(縺昴�蝣ｴ蜷医↓縺ｯPython3縺ｧ縺ｯ譏守､ｺ逧�↓\ :py:class:`bytes`\ 蝙九ｒ謖�ｮ壹☆繧句ｿ�ｦ√′縺ゅｋ�峨ｒpython2縺ｮ繧ｽ繝ｼ繧ｹ縺九ｉ閾ｪ蜍慕噪縺ｫ蛻､譁ｭ縺吶ｋ縺薙→縺� \ :py:mod:`2to3`\ 縲縺ｫ縺ｯ縺ｧ縺阪↑縺�◆繧√〒縺吶�
py2/p3縺ｧ荳｡遶九☆繧九◆繧√↓縺ｯ縲― :py:class:`bytes`\ 縺ｨunicode繧呈�遉ｺ逧�↓菴ｿ縺��
\ :py:class:`bytes`\ -> unicode縺ｮ譎ゅ↓decode繧偵「nicode-> \ :py:class:`bytes`\ 縺ｮ螟画鋤縺ｧencode繧剃ｽｿ縺�→豎ｺ繧√※縺翫￠縺ｰ縲�
\ :py:mod:`2to3`\ 縺ｯ縺昴ｌ繧帝�ｼ繧翫↓螟画鋤繧定｡後＞縺ｾ縺吶�
\ :py:mod:`2to3`\ 驕ｩ逕ｨ蜑阪↓縺薙ｌ繧貞ｮ滓命縺励※縺翫￠縺ｰ縲√≠縺ｨ縺ｯ菴募ｺｦ\ :py:mod:`2to3`\ 繧帝壹＠縺ｦ繧ょ撫鬘檎┌縺��縺壹〒縺吶�
* 譁�ｭ怜�縺ｨ縺励※菴ｿ縺��ｴ蜷医�縲「nicode
* 繝舌う繝亥�縺ｨ縺励※菴ｿ縺��ｴ蜷医�縲― :py:class:`bytes`\
:py:mod:`cVXI11`\ 繧Ы :py:mod:`EPICS CA`\ 繝｢繧ｸ繝･繝ｼ繝ｫ縺ｧ縺ｯpython2/python3縺ｮ蜿梧婿繧偵し繝昴�繝医☆繧九◆繧√↓縲√％縺ｮ讒倥↑螟画峩繧貞刈縺医※縺�∪縺吶�
縺ｾ縺溘― :py:mod:`cVXI11`\ 繧Ы :py:mod:`EPICS CA`\ 繝｢繧ｸ繝･繝ｼ繝ｫ縺ｯsetup 繝��繝ｫ繧剃ｽｿ縺｣縺歟uild譎ゅ↓\ :py:mod:`2to3`\ 繝��繝ｫ繧定�蜍慕噪縺ｫ驕ｩ逕ｨ縺吶ｋ讒倥↓縺励※縺�∪縺吶� :py:mod:`urllib`\ 縺ｮ\ :py:func:`urlopen`\ 縺ｪ縺ｩ縺九ｉ霑斐＆繧後ｋ蛟､繧�\ :py:class:`\ :py:class:`bytes`\ `\ 蝙九�繝��繧ｿ縺ｨ縺ｪ縺｣縺ｦ縺�∪縺吶�縺ｧ縲�
繝�く繧ｹ繝医→縺励※蜃ｦ逅�☆繧句燕縺ｫ\ :py:meth:`decode`\ 繝｡繧ｽ繝�ラ繧剃ｽｿ縺｣縺ｦ :py:class:`str`\ 縺ｫ螟画鋤縺励※鄂ｮ縺阪∪縺励ｇ縺��
繝ｪ繝�Λ繝ｫ縺ｪ繝舌う繝亥�陦ｨ迴ｾ (:py:const:`b"abc"`\ 縺ｪ縺ｩ�峨�Python2, Python3縺ｮ蜿梧婿縺ｧ蛻ｩ逕ｨ蜿ｯ閭ｽ縺ｧ縺吶�
繝舌う繝亥�縺ｨ縺励※蜿悶ｊ謇ｱ縺�ｮ壽焚繝��繧ｿ縺ｯ縲√％縺ｮ陦ｨ迴ｾ縺ｫ縺励※鄂ｮ縺上％縺ｨ縺ｧ縲｝ython2/python3縺ｮ蜿梧婿縺ｧ縺ｻ縺ｼ蜷後§讒倥↓蜿悶ｊ謇ｱ縺�％縺ｨ縺後〒縺阪∪縺吶�
繝舌う繝亥�(byte)縺九ｉ1繝舌う繝医�繝��繧ｿ繧貞叙繧雁�縺咎圀縺ｫ縺ｯ縲∵ｳｨ諢上′蠢�ｦ√〒縺吶１ython2縺ｧ縺ｯ[n]繧ｪ繝壹Ξ繝ｼ繧ｿ縺ｧ1繝舌う繝医�繝��繧ｿ繧偵ヰ繧､繝亥�(�拿 :py:class:`str`\ )繧�
蜿悶ｊ蜃ｺ縺吶％縺ｨ縺後〒縺阪∪縺吶ゅ＠縺九＠縲｝ython3縺ｧ縺ｯbyte蛻励°繧閏n]繧ｪ繝壹Ξ繝ｼ繧ｿ繧剃ｽｿ縺｣縺ｦ1繝舌う繝医ョ繝ｼ繧ｿ繧貞叙繧雁�縺吶→縲（nt蝙九�繝��繧ｿ縺ｨ縺ｪ縺｣縺ｦ縺励∪縺�∪縺吶�
荳譁ｹ[n:n+1]縺ｧ荳繝舌う繝亥�縺ｮ繝��繧ｿ繧貞叙繧雁�縺励◆蝣ｴ蜷医↓縺ｯ縲― :py:class:`bytes`\ 蝙九↓縺ｪ縺｣縺ｦ縺�∪縺吶ゅ縲縺薙�讒倥↑蜍穂ｽ懊�驕輔＞繧貞精蜿弱☆繧九◆繧√↓縺ｯ縲�
python2縺ｧ繧�1繝舌う繝医�繝��繧ｿ繧貞叙繧雁�縺吝�ｴ蜷医↓繧�[n:n+1]繧剃ｽｿ縺｣縺ｦ縺翫￥縺ｨ縺�≧驟肴�縺悟ｿ�ｦ√〒縺吶�
.. :code: python2
:caption: python2縺ｧ1繝舌う繝医ョ繝ｼ繧ｿ繧貞叙繧雁�縺吶�
>>> b=b"abc"
>>> b[0]
'a'
>>> b[0:1]
'a'
.. :code: python3
:caption: python3縺ｧ1繝舌う繝医ョ繝ｼ繧ｿ繧貞叙繧雁�縺吶�
>>> b=b'abc'
>>> b[0]
97
>>> type(b[0])
<class 'int'>
>>> b[0:1]
b'a'
>>> type(b[0:1])
<class 'bytes'>
縺ｾ縺溘｝ython2/python3縺ｨ繧� bytearray 蝙九ｒ謖√▲縺ｦ縺�∪縺吶Ｃytearray蝙九�PY2/PY3縺ｧ讎ゅ�蜷後§methods繧呈戟縺｣縺ｦ縺�ｋ(萓句､厄ｼ喞opy,clear,maketrans)縺ｮ縺ｧ縲�
byte蝙九〒縺ｯ縺ｪ縺上｜ytearray蝙九ｒ遨肴･ｵ逧�↓菴ｿ縺��繧Ｑython2/pytho3莠呈鋤縺ｨ縺吶ｋ縺溘ａ縺ｫ縺ｯ譛牙柑縺ｨ閠�∴繧峨ｌ縺ｾ縺吶�
open縺ｮencoding
----------------
譁�ｭ怜梛�十 :py:class:`bytes`\ 蛻励�蜿匁桶縺ｧ豕ｨ諢上☆縺ｹ縺堺ｺ九→縺励※縲｛pen髢｢謨ｰ縺ｮpython2/python3縺ｧ縺ｮ
驕輔＞縺後≠繧翫∪縺吶�
python3縺ｫ縺翫＞縺ｦ縲∵枚蟄怜梛繝��繧ｿ縺ｮ繝輔ぃ繧､繝ｫ蜈･蜃ｺ蜉帙〒縺ｯ縲∝�蜃ｺ蜉帙Δ繝ｼ繝峨′繝�く繧ｹ繝医Δ繝ｼ繝�("r"縺ゅｋ縺��"w")縺ｧ縺ゅｋ蝣ｴ蜷医↓縺ｯ縲√ヵ繧｡繧､繝ｫ縺梧悄蠕�☆繧九お繝ｳ繧ｳ繝ｼ繝�ぅ繝ｳ繧ｰ縺ｸ縺ｮ螟画鋤縺悟ｿ�ｦ√→縺ｪ繧翫∪縺吶�
繝�ヵ繧ｩ繝ｫ繝医�繧ｨ繝ｳ繧ｳ繝ｼ繝�ぅ繝ｳ繧ｰ縺ｯ繝励Λ繝�ヨ繝輔か繝ｼ繝�萓晏ｭ倥〒, locale.getpreferredencoding(False)
縺ｮ霑斐☆蛟､縺御ｽｿ繧上ｌ縺ｾ縺吶� 繝舌う繝翫Μ繝��繧ｿ縺ｮ繝輔ぃ繧､繝ｫ蜈･蜃ｺ蜉帙〒縺ｯ繝舌う繝翫Μ繝｢繝ｼ繝�("rb",'wb"縺ｪ縺ｩ�峨ｒ
菴ｿ縺�％縺ｨ縺梧耳螂ｨ縺輔ｌ縺ｦ縺�∪縺吶ゅ∪縺溘√◎縺�＠縺ｦ縺翫￠縺ｰ縲｝ython2/python3縺ｮ蜿梧婿縺ｧ諠ｳ螳壹＠縺滄壹ｊ縺ｮ
蜍穂ｽ懊ｒ縺吶ｋ縺ｧ縺励ｇ縺��
.. _python2open:
.. code-block:: python
:caption: python2 縺ｧ縺ｮopen()髢｢謨ｰ縺ｮ繝励Ο繝医ち繧､繝�
>>> help(open)
open(...)
open(name[, mode[, buffering]]) -> file object
#繝�ヵ繧ｩ繝ｫ繝医�繧ｨ繝ｳ繧ｳ繝ｼ繝�ぅ繝ｳ繧ｰ
>>> locale.getpreferredencoding(False)
locale.getpreferredencoding(False)
'US-ASCII'
.. _python3open:
.. code-block:: python3
:caption: python3 縺ｧ縺ｮopen()髢｢謨ｰ縺ｮ繝励Ο繝医ち繧､繝�
>>> help(open)
open(file, mode='r', buffering=-1, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None, closefd=True, opener=None)
Open file and return a stream. Raise OSError upon failure.
#繝�ヵ繧ｩ繝ｫ繝医�繧ｨ繝ｳ繧ｳ繝ｼ繝�ぅ繝ｳ繧ｰ
>>> locale.getpreferredencoding(False)
locale.getpreferredencoding(False)
'UTF-8'
Python2/Python3縺ｮ蛻､螳�
==================================
python2/python3縺ｮ蜿梧婿縺ｫ蟇ｾ蠢懊☆繧九�繝ｭ繧ｰ繝ｩ繝�繧帝幕逋ｺ縺吶ｋ縺溘ａ縺ｫ縺ｯ縲�
莉雁虚菴應ｸｭ縺ｮ迺ｰ蠅�ｒ蛻､螳壹☆繧句ｿ�ｦ√′蜃ｺ縺ｦ縺阪∪縺吶ゅ◎縺ｮ蝣ｴ蜷医↓縺ｯ谺｡縺ｮ繧ｳ繝ｼ繝峨ｒ
菴ｿ縺��縺瑚憶縺輔◎縺�〒縺吶�
.. code:: python
import sys
PY3 = sys.version_info > (3,)
縺薙ｌ縺ｧ, 螟画焚\ :py:data:`PY3`\ 縺ｯpython2縺ｧ縺ｯ \ :py:const:`False`\ ,python3縺ｧ縺ｯ縲― :py:const:`True`\ 縺ｨ縺ｪ縺｣縺ｦ縺�∪縺吶ゅsys.version_info縺ｯ2.7莉･髯阪�version_info蝙九�繧ｪ繝悶ず繧ｧ繧ｯ繝医〒縺吶′縲�2.6縺ゅｋ縺��縺昴ｌ莉･蜑阪�繝舌�繧ｸ繝ｧ繝ｳ縺ｧ縺ｯ縲》uple縺ｨ縺ｪ縺｣縺ｦ縺�∪縺吶�
縺励°縺励∽ｸ願ｨ倥�蠑上�縺�★繧後�迺ｰ蠅�↓縺翫＞縺ｦ繧よｭ｣縺励￥蜍穂ｽ懊＠縺ｾ縺吶�